A recent study from the University of Surrey shows that in the sunniest countries, solar electricity can cost as little as €0.023 ($0.041) per unit, making it cheaper than coal, gas and even wind power. 

Even in the UK, where the weather is often cloudy, solar comes out as the cheapest option for large-scale energy production. The study highlights that solar is no longer just an environmentally friendly choice, but also a smart one for budgets and energy planning.  

One big reason for this drop in cost is lithium-ion batteries which have fallen by around 89 per cent since 2010, making solar-plus-storage systems as cost-effective as gas power plants. These hybrid setups allow solar energy to be stored and used when needed, turning it into a reliable source that can meet electricity demand even when the sun isn’t shining. 

Researchers are also exploring new solar materials like perovskite cells, which could boost energy output by up to 50 per cent without using more land. These thinner, more flexible cells can be applied to roofs, vehicles and other surfaces, reducing the need for large solar farms.  

Solar energy is already transforming Europe’s electricity mix. Data from Eurostat shows that renewables made up 54 per cent of Europe’s electricity between April and June 2025, with solar producing 122,317 GWh – enough to power roughly three million homes.  

“Sustained commitment and international collaboration will be essential if we are to accelerate the world’s transition to a clean and reliable energy system,” said Dr Ehsan Rezaee, a fellow researcher part of the study in a statement  

In fact, June 2025 was the first month in history where solar became the main source of electricity in the EU, accounting for 22 per cent of the energy mix. 

According to experts, the growth of solar has been primarily driven by its affordability, speed of installation and flexibility. A solar farm can be built in about a year, compared with at least five years for wind and ten for nuclear.  

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